Assessment of overhead costs Essay

On the off chance that a choice was made to redistribute the complex assembling, at that point the overheads of the Bridgestone Industries will show huge contrast and even decreases in the degree of overhead expenses. The overhead relating to the wages and advantages for the non talented work force would diminish as the redistributing of the product offering would lessen the requirement for the non gifted faculty in the limits of trucks and janitors by a little rate level. The overhead connected with the salaried staff, including the advantages would likewise diminish as there would be no compelling reason to recruit or pay faculty to take a shot at the complex line. The creation supplies overhead which incorporates creation contraptions, instruments and hardware like gloves, wellbeing goggles and pressing material and so on would likewise decrease as the complex line would not require such creation supplies whenever re-appropriated. The overheads related with the little specialized instruments would likewise diminish as the requirement for such devices would never again be introduced by the complex line, if the line is to be re-appropriated to an outsider. The use of the utilities like coal, gas and power used to drive the assembling procedure of complex would likewise be killed as a cost. In this way the overhead connected with this cost would likewise be fundamentally diminished. Then again the wages of the no creation representatives and the advantages gave to them probably won't decline. Any decline in this overhead would be negligible as the non creation representatives are not incredibly affected by the redistributing of a creation line rather than the creation related workers and staff. So also the expostulation led on the property and the expenses would not lessen and can stay steady as the property is shared by all product offerings and as long as the other two product offerings are working, the deterioration overhead would even now happen at a similar rate. The costs identified with consistent faculty for the preparation, travel, and association portrayal would likewise impressively diminish as the quantity of work force utilized will diminish with the re-appropriating of the complex product offering. The venture cost of the arrangement and course of action of new hardware and apparatus would not be a diminishing overhead as this cost is impact by acquisition of new gear and not by the activity of a product offering. The overhead connected with the advantages gave to representatives as far as extra time installment, on an hourly premise, state joblessness and the benefits gave to workers and work at the organization would not diminish by a noteworthy sum. Rather this cost can increment as more individuals are laid off or given early retirement if the complex line is re-appropriates. Additionally the advantages of this sort gave to the gifted hourly specialists explicitly those related with creation will likewise lessen in the long haul because of the re-appropriating of the complex delivering. The decrease of this overhead would be because of the decrease in the representative/work quality in the creation division which would lessen the costs of advantages for the work. Assessed Proposed Budget. So as to successfully spending plan for the year 1991, considering the complex line is redistributed to an outsider for produce, significant presumptions must be made. These suppositions related included modifying the assessments of the dynamic creation lines at Bridgestone Industries with the steady development pattern for their individual expenses. The costs increment structure year to year because of expansion and the adjustments in the CPI list. Therefore it is imperative to modify any guage figures for the individual development pattern of the expenses and incomes. It has additionally been accepted that by re-appropriating the complex creation line, the organization can wipe out the expenses related with complex creation line work, the immediate materials utilized by the complex creation line and the overheads that were added to by the complex creation on the web. Another suspicion that is made in the proposed spending plan is that despite the fact that the organization has re-appropriated its tasks for the complex creation line. The organization is as yet selling the items by buying them from the re-appropriating organization and giving them to the car producers in the United States. Therefore the business income is estimated despite the fact that the expenses related are disposed of and not considered. Besides the expenses related with re-appropriating are not joined in the financial plan as they are no longer piece of the assembling/creations division. Coming up next is the proposed spending plan for the year 1991 which considers the complex creation line to be redistributed while no extra creation line is dropped by the Bridgestone Industries. Proposed Budget for the year 1991 USD (‘000) 1991 Sales Fuel Tanks 87,378. Manifolds 97,031 Doors 52,681 Mufflers/Exhausts †Oil Pans †237,089 Direct Material Fuel Tanks 17,693 Manifolds †Doors 17,414 Mufflers/Exhausts †Oil Pans †35,107 Direct Labor Fuel Tanks 4,788 Manifolds †Doors 3,084 Mufflers/Exhausts †Oil Pans †7,872 Overheads 1000 3,093 1500 3,229 2000 1,152 3000 768 4000 4,049. 5000 11,043 8000 2,039 9000 3,261 11000 1,650 12000 8,543 14000 4,418 43,246 The proposed spending that has been drawn up altogether portrays that if the organization picks to re-appropriate the manifolds creation line in the year 1991, at that point the organization can watch noteworthiness decreases in its working expenses and overheads. Along these lines it very well may be referenced that by re-appropriating the complex creation line the organization can encounter cost reserve funds and better income levels. The proposed financial plan for the year 1991 shows that the Sales conjecture expanded to $237 million while the immediate material based expenses are determined to be at $35 million. The estimate of the immediate work utilized for the dynamic creation lines would be at $7 million in particular while the complete overheads for the activity would be proportional to 2 million as it were. The overhead weight rate in the year 1991 thus is diminished to 307 percent with the designated overhead for the fuel tank’s creation line at $26 million while the creation line for assembling the back and front entryways would be at around $17 million.

Does Motivating Nurses Lead to Higher Levels of Job Satisfaction Literature review

Does Motivating Nurses Lead to Higher Levels of Job Satisfaction - Literature audit Example Occupation fulfillment is the level to which a representative of an association is content with their position and makes the most of their job (Armstrong 2006.) Satisfaction hands on is of impressive enthusiasm for the wellbeing administrations industry. Occupation fulfillment has an immediate relationship with improved employment efficiency and furthermore predicts lower representative turnover rates and decrease of non-appearance (Cohen and Golan 2007).  However, there is a hole in the examination writing with regards to in the case of propelling medical attendants improves work fulfillment. There might be relieving conditions of a nursing position or the particular wellbeing administrations condition where a medical attendant is utilized that improves work fulfillment without essentially thinking about inspiration. For instance, Craven, Hirnle, and Jensen (2013) affirm that medical caretakers require significant social connections and warmth so as to encounter more elevated levels of occupation fulfillment. Good sentiments about one’s employment envelop the pith of occupation fulfillment (Robbins 2005).  In a domain where nursing managers must create fitting systems to improve work fulfillment, realizing whether inspirational methodologies are adequate enough is of extensive worry with an end goal to make new best practice initiative procedures to support execution and profitability of medical attendants. On the off chance that inspiration is deficient for improving nurses’ work fulfillment, at that point nursing administrators can decide other, increasingly significant procedures to make a fulfilling and profitable workplace for assorted nursing experts. Â

The Color of Paradise Essays

The Color of Paradise Essays The Color of Paradise Essay The Color of Paradise Essay was simply completely perfect; my preferred scene in the film, it was simply so splendidly lovely! I was not set up for the closure of the film. It got my tears moving again when the grandma died; and the scene where the scaffold breaks, was really epic. My heart was beating so hard when Muhammed and his pony fell into the stream and began skimming down, however I’m practically positive it halted when I saw that his fuck of a dad sat idle yet viewed. I couldn’t trust it, I nearly needed to stand up and yell; yet I ruled against it. I was so miserable when he kicked the bucket Toner! SO SAD! Why you gotta make me cry man? In any case, truly, I think this truly is an extraordinary case of magnificent film making.

The Theme of Revenge in Hamlet by William Shakespeare - Free Essay Example

To avenge ones fallen father was seen to be a moral obligation in most revenge tragedies during the Elizabethan era and it was certainly no different in Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet. The act of revenge was a major theme that revolved around Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras who all share a desire to kill their fathers murderer yet contrast in terms of character. Hamlet and Laertes the two that pursued vengeance the most ultimately met their end, while young Fortinbras who was convinced to not enact on his desires to get revenge lived and rose to power. Shakespeare is intent in developing the persistent developing the persistent ambiguities of emotion, rhetoric, and acting to their ultimate riddling potential, to the point where they have the power to not only delay the movement to revenge but to subvert and even abort it (Mercer, 121) In this Shakespeare implies that vengeance shouldnt be so sought after and is better left to the heavens to decide the killers fate. Revenge can be seen as The returning of evil-for-evil (Benditt,8) and although the revenge tragedy was a popular genre, a majority of the Elizabethans condemned the idea of revenge as both the church and state believed that it would cause immense amounts of civil disorder Private revenge could lead to quarrels, thence to a public tumult thence to dissension between families, and thus to national quarrels. Since punishment was the prerogative of the state, every possible argument was induced to convince the private citizen that he must leave revenge to god. (Prosser 5) Instead of seeking out vengeance Elizabethans believed that seeking revenge was sin and was better left to god. Those who decided to pursue revenge lost any chance of forgiveness and were eternally punished in the afterlife. The thought of being punished in the afterlife was the leading cause of delay in Hamlets revenge as he puts all his trust on Heaven as the providential means to the resolution to the crises hes facing.(Zak,85) . Although Hamlet claims that his revenge will be swift at first, he puts it off because he thought the ghost was a devil imitating his father in order to convince him to sin in order to punish him eternally in the afterlife. The problem with this logic is that even if the ghost is telling the truth Hamlet still would be punished in the afterlife. The only thing that hamlet would gain from taking revenge would be honoring his fathers wish. The second instance being after Claudius is trying to pray: And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven And so Am I reven ged. That would be scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son do this same villain send To heaven (3.3.74-8) Because Hamlet believes that a man who is killed while praying will be sent to heaven he puts off his revenge until he can find a moment where Claudius is committing a sin. Because Hamlet puts off his vengeance it causes his downfall as it creates more problems later and allows Claudius to plan out his schemes to get rid of Hamlet. In seeking revenge no matter how just the cause may be, it essentially makes the person seeking revenge as bad as the person who committed the crime. though it would insist upon the singularity of the villainy it would punish, inevitably it duplicates the crime. (Kastan, 199). No matter how see it Although Hamlet constantly hesitates about taking revenge, the one time he decides to act he kills Polonius an innocent bystander essentially making him as a bad as Claudius in the eyes of Laertes. In enacting revenge, the revenger potentially harms those around them in their quest for justice. In Hamlets case his desire to enact revenge led to the death of many characters such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, but most importantly it led to Ophelias madness and untimely death. Although hamlet did love Ophelia, his plan to study the king involved him to feign madness. In his false madness he would constantly push Ophelia away from him which made her believe that he rejected her love. Hamlets killing of Polonius then proceeded to push her off the edge both mentally and physically. The pursuit of revenge also affects the revenger mentally to the point where it deteriorates their mind to the point where they are consumed by anger and revenge is the only thing they fo cus on. Laertes best exemplifies this as he contrasts with hamlet in the fact that he takes immediate action and will carry out his revenge if given the opportunity. Not long after Polonius died Laertes returns to Denmark from France. without even gathering information about his fathers killer or considering any sort of consequence, Laertes rallies a mob to kill Claudius. After Claudius somewhat clams Laertes down, he manipulates Laertes enraged state to encourage him to take revenge on Hamlet. Shortly after the announcement of Ophelias death, Laertes once again becomes enraged now to the point where vengeance is the only thing that is on his mind and at this point there is nothing that could quell his anger more than revenge. Although he managed to secure his vengeance, in the end his pursuit of revenge cost him his life, and in his final moments he felt nothing but guilt and regret. Even if the law does not persecute the offender they recommend that doing nothing and being patient will resolve everything as god begins punishing sins immediately, with lamentable calamities many terrible frights remorse of conscience, desperate repentance and continual troubles and unquietnesse (Prosser,11) This can be seen in hamlet more specifically right after the performance of the mouse trap when Claudius is trying to pray: Whereto serves mercy serves mercy But t o confront the visage of offense? And whats in prayer but this twofold force, To be forestalled ere we come to fall, Or pardoned being down? Then Ill look up. My fault is past. But, O, what form of prayer can serve my turn? Forgive me my foul murder That cannot be since I am still possessed of those effects for which I did the murder. (3.3.46-53) In his soliloquy, Claudius expresses his guilt for killing his bother by asking for forgiveness, but his sins cannot be forgiven as long as he retains all he has gained by killing so now he has to live the rest of his life. Shakespeare implies that doing nothing resolves everything with the survival of young Fortinbras at the end of the play. Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras all share the desire to avenge their father. while they all succeed in Hamlet puts too much thought into his revenge and because of it he constantly puts it off which causes his downfall. Laertes acts rationally and acts the moment he is given the opportunity thus causing his downfall. While young Fortinbras is also quick to act yet he loses his desire to get revenge, so he puts more focus on restoring the land Norway lost. As a prince who happens to also be a solider Fortinbras is very calculating, although his father was killed when he was just a child he waited until an opportunity to strike. In this case he kn ew about the current state of Denmark and began rallying troops to reclaim the land that was lost to former King Hamlet. He was also very open about declaring his revenge, unlike hamlet who only tells a very small amount of people. Fortinbras establishes that he wants to get revenge and everyone in Denmark knows about it: And this, I take it, Is the main motive of our preperations, the soure of our watch, and the chiefs head Of this posthaste and rummage in the land (1.1.108-11) Because nearly everyone was informed about Fortinbrass desire of reclaiming the land lost to Denmark, Claudius was able to address the situation by sending Cornelius and Voltimand to seek out the bed ridden king of Norway. Although the king of Norway was aware that Fortinbras was going around and gathering troops he thought it was to attack Poland, so once he found out he was able to put an immediate halt to it. And out of respect to his uncle he made a vow to nevermore more to give th assay of arms against Your Majesty (2.2.70-1) but because his Uncle respects Fortinbrass ambition he allowes him to keep the army hes gathered and What made Fortinbras more successful than Hamlet and Laertes is that he had an uncle that convinces him not to pursue revenge unlike the ghost of Hamlet and Claudius who encourages Hamlet and Laertes to get revenge. He also has an immense amount of respect for his family and complies with their wishes, unlike hamlet who is seen to throw witty remarks at Claudius and Gertrude.

Why Students Have Difficulty With Decoding Words - 1529 Words

fore these lessons, I observed student A read and saw how much he struggles and how long it takes him to read a sentence. He is never able re-call what he reads. While student B has some difficulty, his fluency is better then student A’s and he is able to recall more. The two lessons that I implemented confirmed my understanding that if students have difficulty with decoding words they will have problems with fluency, which will impact their comprehension. My first lesson focused on initial sounds and I was pleased to see that this skill is one that they felt confident with. The reasons why I felt that the students grasped this skill was because they jumped right in and could tell me the initial sounds of all of the pictures cards I gave them. During the I-spy game, the students took turns finding the correct picture that fit with the initial sound I was making, for example student A matched the /c/ sound with the picture of the cookie. Student A completed this activity with 9 5% accuracy. He became confused when it came to differing between the /o/ sound and the /a/ sound. For example, he picked up the picture of the octopus for the /a/ sound instead of the apple. Student B completed this activity with 100% accuracy. I was pleasantly surprised when it came time to complete the independent activity. I was prepared to have one or both of the students struggle more in this area than the opening activity because this entailed using a different set of skills. They had to findShow MoreRelatedMy Reading On Reading Disabilities, And The Impact That They Have On Students Education1741 Words   |  7 Pageshad difficulties sounding out words, and putting them together to make a word. The fact is that to this day I still cannot sound out words. I read by memorizing words or typing them into the computer and use a text to voice programs. 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I recently had one of my general education classes complete a literature circleRead MoreWhy Is Phonics Instruction An Integral Part Of The Balanced Literacy Program?1273 Words   |  6 Pagesand after they learn how to blend sounds into the syllables and into the words. Implicit Phonics Instructions moves from the whole to the smallest parts: first, students are analyzing words and looking for common phonemes in a group of words. After comparison they assume which grapheme to write and which phoneme to read. Children are identifying new words by beginning and ending letters, or by context clue. 2. Why is phonics instruction an integral part of the Balanced Literacy Program?

Bipolar Disorder And Mental Health - 1840 Words

According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2015), bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that may cause random shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and their ability to perform everyday tasks. There are different types of bipolar episodes; the high, euphoric episodes are known as mania, and the low, miserable episodes are known as depression. The median age, of those who are affected by this illness, is 25 years old. Although, it can start in early childhood, or as late as 50 years old. This mental illness does not discriminate against race, ethnicity, social standing, or age; it can affect anyone. Bipolar disorder affects roughly 5.7 million Americans above the age of eighteen; that is approximately 2.6 of the United States population (The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance). With all of the research that has been conducted in an attempt to better understand bipolar disorder, we still have yet to pin point one specific cause of this illness. 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First of all, Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic-depressiveRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health855 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience a mood disorder known as Bipolar Disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health about one percent of the American population has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Living with a person that has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder is very difficult, especially not knowing anything about bipolar. There are many questions to be asked. Such as what is the disorder? Is bipolar disorder heredity? How is the disorder treated? First of all, Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic-depressiveRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health755 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder has become more prevalent in the United States, particularly Bipolar Disorder II, which accounts for 30-50% of patients with depression (Thomas Hersen, 2002). Historically bipolar was known as manic depression (Thomas Hersen, 2002). 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Statistics What You Need To Know Current All

Questions: 1. The Relationship between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals.?2. Assess the appropriateness of the statistics used by referring to the chart presented in the Module 4 lecture and the resource "Statistical Assessment?3. Discuss the value of statistical significance vs. pragmatic usefulness? Answers: 1. The healthcare system is entangled with the need to increase revenue at the same time attain considerable level of patient satisfaction. This is possible only when the cost of the healthcare system will be maintained. The service providers have been realizing the importance of the association between the patient satisfaction and the volume of patients being admitted that need to be analyzed. The analysis will enhance the expectation of the patients and suppress the compensation. The healthcare service providers are alarmingly concerned with their performance in order to increase the patient satisfaction but keeping in mind that the healthcare market is a competitive one, the providers are carefully competing with the rivals based on quality, enhanced service, reputation and other non-monetary characteristics. (Paiva Andre, 2012) In the article, the author had commenced a study based on a survey of seven teaching and seven non-teaching hospitals were evaluated for a period of five year from 1999 to 2003. The survey was done by mailing a set of questionnaires to the patients who had discharged. The patients who were the study participants involved aspects of demographic diversity, level of income, coverage of insurance, age and other relevant features. The questionnaires of the survey were related to the process of admission, room services, meals, service provided by nurses, method of tests and treatment, personal issues, physician, discharge and on the entire assessment. This questionnaire would help to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the patients by using the five-point Likert type scale. The data of the volume of inpatient admissions were obtained by the interested hospitals who submitted their admission data for the years 1999 to 2003. Then the data on the volume of admission and the survey data of t he patients is utilized in the statistical analysis. The study helped to answer two research questions. One is the nature f the association of patient satisfaction and the volume of inpatient admission in the acute care hospital and other is the relationship between the patient satisfaction and the volume of admission of inpatients in teaching and non-teaching hospitals. (Carlberg, 2011) The statistical analysis exhibited the patient satisfaction as the dependent variable and the admission volume is the independent variable. From the summary table of the statistically analysis, it can inferred that the Spearman rank-order correlation, r is -0.287 where the p-value is 0.018. It shows that there is a significant level of negative correlation between the patient satisfaction and volume of admission in the two types of hospitals. (Graham, 2011) This implies that as the level of the satisfaction increases, the volume of the admission in the hospitals will decrease. Mann-Whitney U test determines the significance of the analysis. The null hypothesis is that the teaching and the non-teaching group is identical and alternative hypothesis is significant difference between the two groups. Since the value of n is 35 as the analysis is done on seven hospitals and over a period o five years. The test is done by the z-statistics which is calculate to be -4.064 and this value is gr eater than the tabulated value of z, so the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Here the p value is less than 0.001 which proves that the analysis is statistically significant. (Spiegel Stephens, 2011) In terms of individual calculation of the Spearman correlation, the value of r is 0.581 and p-value is less than 0.001 which imply that the patient satisfaction and admission volume in teaching hospitals have significant and positive correlation. On the contrary, the value of r is -0.097 and the p-value is 0.579 which proves that the relationship between the patient satisfaction and the volume of admission in non-teaching hospital is statistically insignificant and a negative one. (Kollo, 2013) The reasons behind the differences in the level of patient satisfaction in the teaching and non-teaching hospitals can be attributed to the organization differences in both the type of hospitals. In the teaching hospitals the organizational structure is complex but there is the scope for training and enhancement of medical knowledge whereas the scope in the non-teaching hospitals is limited as they concentrate mainly on the care and treatment to the patients. This might seem as the correlation must be positive with the non-teaching hospitals as they totally concentrate on the quality service of the patients but it does not change with the changes in the medical environment which limits the opportunities. Another aspect is the duration of the stay of patients in the teaching hospitals are more than that of the o-teaching hospitals which can affect the satisfaction level of the patients and increase the admission rates in the teaching hospitals. (Schoenfelder, Klewer Kugler, 2011) 2. The summary of the data analysis reveal the frequencies, means, medians and the standard deviations with which the characteristics of the hospitals were measured with respect to the satisfaction level of the patient and admission volume. To determine the shape and the distribution of the relevant data used in the analysis skewness and kurtosis were measured. The data used cannot be conclusively stated that its distribution is normal as the sample size acted like a constraint in this regard. So to avoid the complexities, non parametrical statistical test was selected to commence the data analysis. The relationship between the satisfaction of patients and the hospitalization rates were conducted through the analysis of the correlation coefficient of the Spearman Rank order. Here seven hospitals of teaching and non-teaching type each were selected and the analysis or the data collected from the interested hospitals were based on a five year record during 1999-2003. In the next sectio n the Mann Whitney U-test was performed to understand the dissimilarity between the subsample of teaching and non-teaching hospitals. The connection between the patient satisfaction level and the level of hospitalization was discovered using the analysis of the independent and the dependent variable. (Kobayashi, Mark Turin, 2012) 3. The study was based on the association between the patient satisfaction score and the volume of admission was conducted. The data used for satisfaction of the patients were derived from the patients who were discharged from the hospitals. The data was collected through the survey of set questionnaires that were analyzed through the five-point likert scale. The data for the admission volume where collected from the hospitals through their records. Both the data were complied to form the basis of the statistical analysis. The correlation coefficient gave a different story to the different analysis. So the Mann Whitney U-test was performed. Here also due to the complexity in the sample size and the data distribution, non-parametrical statistical analysis was done. The z statistics was calculated and proved to be greater than the tabulated value of z with the relevant degrees of freedom. (Sprinthall, 2012) This proves that the analysis is statistically significant. Here the null hypot hesis is the identical relation between the non teaching and the teaching hospital. The statistical significance is judged when the calculated value of z exceeds the tabular value then the hull hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Also the p-value is less than 0.001 which means that the lower the value of p, the higher the chances of the association and this is why it is called statistically significant. The hypothesis is the notion that the researcher is analyzing to prove. In this regard it is proved that there are differences in the teaching and the non teaching hospitals. The statistically significance of the data analysis proves that there is a significant difference between the satisfaction scores of the patients and the admission rates in the teaching hospitals with the same when the non-teaching hospitals are considered. Furthermore it can be said that when the correlation analysis were conducted individually, it was proved that there remained a certain level of differences between the dependent and the independent variables in the teaching and the non teaching hospitals. (Horton Kleinman, 2011) Pragmatic usefulness or validity is a measurement tool that acts like a predictor regarding certain features of the variables used in the statistical analysis. (wiseGEEK, 2015) The pragmatic approach reveals the responsiveness of the measure that used to explain the criterion or characteristics of the analysis. Another approach is the concurrent validity. The pragmatic validity is measured through the correlation coefficient of the variables. In this case the higher the value of the correlation coefficient, the more pragmatic validity is confirmed. (RE, 2015) The correlation done between the satisfactions of patients with the combined data of the admission rates reveal that the value of r is -0.287 which establishes a negative correlation but the value is not high. Again when the correlation was conducted between the satisfaction scores of patients and the admission rates in teaching hospitals where the value of r is 0.581 which is positive and the value is relatively high. Lastly, the correlation between the satisfaction scores of the patients and the volume of admission in the non-teaching hospitals was conducted and the value of r is -0.097 which is negative and relatively low value. Thus for the first and the third case, pragmatic validity or usefulness cannot be justified, whereas for the second case the pragmatic validity is justified. The result is somewhat different in the case of the statistical significance measure. But the pragmatic validity is not a popular or relevant measure, so it is wise to consider the results of test of significance. (WALTON LAYTON, 2012) References Carlberg, C. (2011).Statistical analysis. Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. Graham, A. (2011).Statistics. London: Hodder Education. Horton, N., Kleinman, K. (2011).Using R for data management, statistical analysis, and graphics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Kobayashi, H., Mark, B., Turin, W. (2012).Probability, random processes, and statistical analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kollo, T. (2013).Multivariate statistics. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Paiva, T., Andre,. (2012). Evaluating aesthetics of the nasolabial region in children with cleft lip and palate: professional analysis and patient satisfaction.PPA, 781. doi:10.2147/ppa.s36656 RE, G. (2015).What does it mean to be pragmatic? Pragmatic methods, measures, and models to facilitate research translation. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 May 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23709579 Schoenfelder, T., Klewer, J., Kugler, J. (2011). Analysis of factors associated with patient satisfaction in ophthalmology: the influence of demographic data, visit characteristics and perceptions of received care.Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics,31(6), 580-587. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00869.x Spiegel, M., Stephens, L. (2011).Statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sprinthall, R. (2012).Basic statistical analysis. Boston: Pearson Allyn Bacon. WALTON, T., LAYTON, D. (2012). Cost satisfaction analysis: a novel patient-based approach for economic analysis of the utility of fixed prosthodontics.Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation,39(9), 692-703. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02314.x wiseGEEK,. (2015).What Is Statistical Significance? (with picture). Retrieved 14 May 2015, from https://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-statistical-significance.htm