Why Students Have Difficulty With Decoding Words - 1529 Words

fore these lessons, I observed student A read and saw how much he struggles and how long it takes him to read a sentence. He is never able re-call what he reads. While student B has some difficulty, his fluency is better then student A’s and he is able to recall more. The two lessons that I implemented confirmed my understanding that if students have difficulty with decoding words they will have problems with fluency, which will impact their comprehension. My first lesson focused on initial sounds and I was pleased to see that this skill is one that they felt confident with. The reasons why I felt that the students grasped this skill was because they jumped right in and could tell me the initial sounds of all of the pictures cards I gave them. During the I-spy game, the students took turns finding the correct picture that fit with the initial sound I was making, for example student A matched the /c/ sound with the picture of the cookie. Student A completed this activity with 9 5% accuracy. He became confused when it came to differing between the /o/ sound and the /a/ sound. For example, he picked up the picture of the octopus for the /a/ sound instead of the apple. Student B completed this activity with 100% accuracy. I was pleasantly surprised when it came time to complete the independent activity. I was prepared to have one or both of the students struggle more in this area than the opening activity because this entailed using a different set of skills. They had to findShow MoreRelatedMy Reading On Reading Disabilities, And The Impact That They Have On Students Education1741 Words   |  7 Pageshad difficulties sounding out words, and putting them together to make a word. The fact is that to this day I still cannot sound out words. I read by memorizing words or typing them into the computer and use a text to voice programs. I wanted to learn more about reading disabilities, and the impact that they have on students’ education. I was lucky th at my reading problems did not impact my education, and I was able to read very well. Reading is one of the most important skills that students learnRead MoreThe Effect of Teaching Kinesthetic Letter Sound Symbols to Students1056 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The effect of Teaching Kinesthetic letter sound symbols to formulate an oral or written response to CVC words or pseudo words What is the problem you are addressing? Students have to learn the names and sounds of the letters in order move on into more advance connections that will lead them into success in reading and writing. Traditional teaching methods in our schools allow students to make the connections between letter prints and phonemes using mostly visual and auditory learning stylesRead MoreExample Of A Case Study Current Achievement Data1700 Words   |  7 Pagesclasses in this case study school. There are two classes of second grade students with 40 total students. I feel that this is a pivotal year in learning to differentiate between just decoding words and actual reading. If there is a gap that can be filled in their reading journey, this is an important year to fill it so they can continue on to the higher grades without struggling to still learn to read. Instead, students can begin to use their fluent reading skills and attain a higher level ofRead MoreThe Career Path Of Attending Coll ege1656 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity to have a good future. The challenge, as stated before, will be in dealing with other people, whether it be subordinates, peers, or supervisors. Psychology will help in the understanding of myself and others and can help me be more productive in the workplace. The first career path that I chose to take was to be a soldier, but now I will embark on a different path, that of an educational psychologist. Studying psychology will help me to understand the complex mental processes that students haveRead MoreDyslexi A Learning Disability Characterized By Difficulty1650 Words   |  7 PagesDyslexia is a learning disability characterized by difficulty in reading fluently, as well as comprehending what is read, even in the absence of any other disabilities and with a normal IQ. There are several categories in which individuals with dyslexia may have trouble, such as language skills, phonological decoding and awareness, verbal comprehension, rapid naming, processing, and auditory short-term memory. One factor that stands out with dyslexia and one that causes a lot of controversy isRead MoreProgram Evaluation : Wilson Reading System1635 Words   |  7 Pagesmarketed for students from grades 2 to 12 who are not making sufficient progress with their current Tier 2 intervention and need a more intensive intervention at Tier 3. It is used most often with students in upper elementary to high school. The program can also be used with adults who need remedial reading services. Specifically, the program is based on the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction. This approach relies on direct instruction, incorporates ideas of â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† individualsRead MoreRewards Stands For Reading, Excellence, Word, Attack, Rate,1661 Words   |  7 PagesREWARDS stands for READING, EXCELLENCE, WORD, ATTACK, RATE, DEVELOPMENT, and STRATEGIES. The REWARDS reading family of reading and writing (needs reworded somehow, take out the first reading)interventions are specifically designed for adolescent struggling learners. Educators nationwide are raving about the success and results(being seen) with the REWARDS program. It is a short-term intervention that results in long-term literacy achievement. The REWARDS reading program is a research-based andRead MoreTeaching Phonics And Teach Phonics1414 Words   |  6 Pagessynthetic phonics, Analytic phonics , Linguist phonics and Word building. Phonics is a method that teaches reading and writing, it aims to enhance investigation into sound-letter relationships and the understanding of the alphabet (Hill, S., 2012, p. 241). Phonics is used to assist with the decoding of words. However, it should be also used in conjunction with other approaches to allow readers to comprehend what they are reading not just decode the words. Phonics is valuable, but not the whole part of learningRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s All Summer1476 Words   |  6 Pagesyears I also taught honors classes. I notice that the biggest challenge facing students from all my classes was reading comprehension. It was evident very early on in my teaching career that many struggling students who can technically read quite well don’t understand what they are reading. Their ability to decode words is far greater than their ability to make sense of the words. Without meaning, words are just words! I recently had one of my general education classes complete a literature circleRead MoreWhy Is Phonics Instruction An Integral Part Of The Balanced Literacy Program?1273 Words   |  6 Pagesand after they learn how to blend sounds into the syllables and into the words. Implicit Phonics Instructions moves from the whole to the smallest parts: first, students are analyzing words and looking for common phonemes in a group of words. After comparison they assume which grapheme to write and which phoneme to read. Children are identifying new words by beginning and ending letters, or by context clue. 2. Why is phonics instruction an integral part of the Balanced Literacy Program?

Bipolar Disorder And Mental Health - 1840 Words

According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2015), bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that may cause random shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and their ability to perform everyday tasks. There are different types of bipolar episodes; the high, euphoric episodes are known as mania, and the low, miserable episodes are known as depression. The median age, of those who are affected by this illness, is 25 years old. Although, it can start in early childhood, or as late as 50 years old. This mental illness does not discriminate against race, ethnicity, social standing, or age; it can affect anyone. Bipolar disorder affects roughly 5.7 million Americans above the age of eighteen; that is approximately 2.6 of the United States population (The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance). With all of the research that has been conducted in an attempt to better understand bipolar disorder, we still have yet to pin point one specific cause of this illness. There can be a mix of many different factors that cause bipolar disorder, from genetics to stress/environmental factors, from brain structure to medications. Illnesses, like bipolar disorder, often run in families. If one person in a family has bipolar disorder, it increases the risk of developing this disease for all of their kin. Although, that does not mean that just because one of your ancestors has bipolar disorder, you are going to develop bipolar disorder. They cannot solely depend on genetics due to the factsShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder And Mental Health934 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is otherwise known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder that causes shifts in moods, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out daily tasks. (Cite) These changes in behavior are outside of the norm as most people have ups and downs throughout their daily routines. But those with Bipolar Disorder experience shifts in mood that can be damaging to relationships, as well as their overall school and work performances. (Cite) I chose this disorder as the topicRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health1691 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the National Institute of Mental Health, over 5 million individuals over the age of 18 are affected by bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is an illness that occurs with the brain and causes abnormal shifts in mood and energy. An individual with bipolar disorder will experience many ups and downs. These ups and downs are way different from the ups and downs an individual without the disorder will experience. B ipolar disorder is a lifelong condition and if not noticed, or treated properlyRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health910 Words   |  4 Pagespercent of American’s suffer with bipolar disorder but, unless you know someone who has the disorder or have it yourself you probably cannot define the disorder. Bipolar disorder is defined as a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out daily tasks by the National Institute of Mental Health. Or that is what the current definition for bipolar disorder is. Alan C. Swann in his article What is Bipolar Disorder says that we are far from a rigorousRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience a mood disorder known as Bipolar Disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health about one percent of the American population have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Living with a person that has been diagnosed with bipolar diso rder is very difficult, especially not knowing anything about bipolar. There are many questions to be asked. Such as what is the disorder? Is bipolar disorder heredity? How is the disorder treated? First of all, Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic-depressiveRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health855 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience a mood disorder known as Bipolar Disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health about one percent of the American population has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Living with a person that has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder is very difficult, especially not knowing anything about bipolar. There are many questions to be asked. Such as what is the disorder? Is bipolar disorder heredity? How is the disorder treated? First of all, Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic-depressiveRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health755 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder has become more prevalent in the United States, particularly Bipolar Disorder II, which accounts for 30-50% of patients with depression (Thomas Hersen, 2002). Historically bipolar was known as manic depression (Thomas Hersen, 2002). According to National Institute of Mental Health (n. d.) â€Å"Most scientists agree that there is no single cause, rather many factors that act together to produce the illness or increase the risk† (NIMH, n. d.) Some of those factors can be family, workplaceRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health Issue1619 Words   |  7 Pages The word â€Å"bipolar† is commonly tossed around in our daily vocabulary to simply describe a person who is overly moody and easily irritated. However, the implications of the mental health issue, that is bipolar disorder, is much more complex than is implied. Bipolar disorder was first discovered in 1851 by French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret who described the condition as â€Å"la folie circulaire† which literally translates to circular insanity (SeddlerRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Mental Health Condition981 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder, or manic-depressive disorder, is a disorder characterized by extreme mood changes. An individual who suffers from this disorder can have extreme highs or extreme lows. They could go from being overly energetic and outgoing to feeling empty, depressed, angry and just completely worthless on a daily, weekly, monthly and or even yearly basis. Diagnosis, dramatic changes in one’s life, and even treatment can have a ser ious effect on an individual that is suffering from Bipolar disorderRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Mental Health Diagnosis797 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is a mental health diagnosis when a person can experience extremely different moods. It also can affect the brain during the progression of the illness. A person with this diagnosis usually experiences mood changes of extremely high moods/ manic or extremely low moods which look like depression. There are two different types of Bipolar disorders. The first is Bipolar I which is when a person’s mood can go to severe mania or severe depression. The second type is Bipolar II whichRead MoreDepression And Bipolar Disorder : The National Institute Of Mental Health Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesDepression and Bipolar Disorder Whitney Keeton Mr. John Davis Jr., MFA, M. Ed. English Composition 1 - ENC 1101 Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday 6-10 PM Keiser University â€Æ' Depression and Bipolar Disorder The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has stated that depression is a common but serious mood disorder. Depression is also a form of mental illness; that have many different types. Some of the types of depression are as follows: †¢ Persistent depressive disorder †¢ Perinatal depression †¢ Psychotic

Statistics What You Need To Know Current All

Questions: 1. The Relationship between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals.?2. Assess the appropriateness of the statistics used by referring to the chart presented in the Module 4 lecture and the resource "Statistical Assessment?3. Discuss the value of statistical significance vs. pragmatic usefulness? Answers: 1. The healthcare system is entangled with the need to increase revenue at the same time attain considerable level of patient satisfaction. This is possible only when the cost of the healthcare system will be maintained. The service providers have been realizing the importance of the association between the patient satisfaction and the volume of patients being admitted that need to be analyzed. The analysis will enhance the expectation of the patients and suppress the compensation. The healthcare service providers are alarmingly concerned with their performance in order to increase the patient satisfaction but keeping in mind that the healthcare market is a competitive one, the providers are carefully competing with the rivals based on quality, enhanced service, reputation and other non-monetary characteristics. (Paiva Andre, 2012) In the article, the author had commenced a study based on a survey of seven teaching and seven non-teaching hospitals were evaluated for a period of five year from 1999 to 2003. The survey was done by mailing a set of questionnaires to the patients who had discharged. The patients who were the study participants involved aspects of demographic diversity, level of income, coverage of insurance, age and other relevant features. The questionnaires of the survey were related to the process of admission, room services, meals, service provided by nurses, method of tests and treatment, personal issues, physician, discharge and on the entire assessment. This questionnaire would help to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the patients by using the five-point Likert type scale. The data of the volume of inpatient admissions were obtained by the interested hospitals who submitted their admission data for the years 1999 to 2003. Then the data on the volume of admission and the survey data of t he patients is utilized in the statistical analysis. The study helped to answer two research questions. One is the nature f the association of patient satisfaction and the volume of inpatient admission in the acute care hospital and other is the relationship between the patient satisfaction and the volume of admission of inpatients in teaching and non-teaching hospitals. (Carlberg, 2011) The statistical analysis exhibited the patient satisfaction as the dependent variable and the admission volume is the independent variable. From the summary table of the statistically analysis, it can inferred that the Spearman rank-order correlation, r is -0.287 where the p-value is 0.018. It shows that there is a significant level of negative correlation between the patient satisfaction and volume of admission in the two types of hospitals. (Graham, 2011) This implies that as the level of the satisfaction increases, the volume of the admission in the hospitals will decrease. Mann-Whitney U test determines the significance of the analysis. The null hypothesis is that the teaching and the non-teaching group is identical and alternative hypothesis is significant difference between the two groups. Since the value of n is 35 as the analysis is done on seven hospitals and over a period o five years. The test is done by the z-statistics which is calculate to be -4.064 and this value is gr eater than the tabulated value of z, so the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Here the p value is less than 0.001 which proves that the analysis is statistically significant. (Spiegel Stephens, 2011) In terms of individual calculation of the Spearman correlation, the value of r is 0.581 and p-value is less than 0.001 which imply that the patient satisfaction and admission volume in teaching hospitals have significant and positive correlation. On the contrary, the value of r is -0.097 and the p-value is 0.579 which proves that the relationship between the patient satisfaction and the volume of admission in non-teaching hospital is statistically insignificant and a negative one. (Kollo, 2013) The reasons behind the differences in the level of patient satisfaction in the teaching and non-teaching hospitals can be attributed to the organization differences in both the type of hospitals. In the teaching hospitals the organizational structure is complex but there is the scope for training and enhancement of medical knowledge whereas the scope in the non-teaching hospitals is limited as they concentrate mainly on the care and treatment to the patients. This might seem as the correlation must be positive with the non-teaching hospitals as they totally concentrate on the quality service of the patients but it does not change with the changes in the medical environment which limits the opportunities. Another aspect is the duration of the stay of patients in the teaching hospitals are more than that of the o-teaching hospitals which can affect the satisfaction level of the patients and increase the admission rates in the teaching hospitals. (Schoenfelder, Klewer Kugler, 2011) 2. The summary of the data analysis reveal the frequencies, means, medians and the standard deviations with which the characteristics of the hospitals were measured with respect to the satisfaction level of the patient and admission volume. To determine the shape and the distribution of the relevant data used in the analysis skewness and kurtosis were measured. The data used cannot be conclusively stated that its distribution is normal as the sample size acted like a constraint in this regard. So to avoid the complexities, non parametrical statistical test was selected to commence the data analysis. The relationship between the satisfaction of patients and the hospitalization rates were conducted through the analysis of the correlation coefficient of the Spearman Rank order. Here seven hospitals of teaching and non-teaching type each were selected and the analysis or the data collected from the interested hospitals were based on a five year record during 1999-2003. In the next sectio n the Mann Whitney U-test was performed to understand the dissimilarity between the subsample of teaching and non-teaching hospitals. The connection between the patient satisfaction level and the level of hospitalization was discovered using the analysis of the independent and the dependent variable. (Kobayashi, Mark Turin, 2012) 3. The study was based on the association between the patient satisfaction score and the volume of admission was conducted. The data used for satisfaction of the patients were derived from the patients who were discharged from the hospitals. The data was collected through the survey of set questionnaires that were analyzed through the five-point likert scale. The data for the admission volume where collected from the hospitals through their records. Both the data were complied to form the basis of the statistical analysis. The correlation coefficient gave a different story to the different analysis. So the Mann Whitney U-test was performed. Here also due to the complexity in the sample size and the data distribution, non-parametrical statistical analysis was done. The z statistics was calculated and proved to be greater than the tabulated value of z with the relevant degrees of freedom. (Sprinthall, 2012) This proves that the analysis is statistically significant. Here the null hypot hesis is the identical relation between the non teaching and the teaching hospital. The statistical significance is judged when the calculated value of z exceeds the tabular value then the hull hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Also the p-value is less than 0.001 which means that the lower the value of p, the higher the chances of the association and this is why it is called statistically significant. The hypothesis is the notion that the researcher is analyzing to prove. In this regard it is proved that there are differences in the teaching and the non teaching hospitals. The statistically significance of the data analysis proves that there is a significant difference between the satisfaction scores of the patients and the admission rates in the teaching hospitals with the same when the non-teaching hospitals are considered. Furthermore it can be said that when the correlation analysis were conducted individually, it was proved that there remained a certain level of differences between the dependent and the independent variables in the teaching and the non teaching hospitals. (Horton Kleinman, 2011) Pragmatic usefulness or validity is a measurement tool that acts like a predictor regarding certain features of the variables used in the statistical analysis. (wiseGEEK, 2015) The pragmatic approach reveals the responsiveness of the measure that used to explain the criterion or characteristics of the analysis. Another approach is the concurrent validity. The pragmatic validity is measured through the correlation coefficient of the variables. In this case the higher the value of the correlation coefficient, the more pragmatic validity is confirmed. (RE, 2015) The correlation done between the satisfactions of patients with the combined data of the admission rates reveal that the value of r is -0.287 which establishes a negative correlation but the value is not high. Again when the correlation was conducted between the satisfaction scores of patients and the admission rates in teaching hospitals where the value of r is 0.581 which is positive and the value is relatively high. Lastly, the correlation between the satisfaction scores of the patients and the volume of admission in the non-teaching hospitals was conducted and the value of r is -0.097 which is negative and relatively low value. Thus for the first and the third case, pragmatic validity or usefulness cannot be justified, whereas for the second case the pragmatic validity is justified. The result is somewhat different in the case of the statistical significance measure. But the pragmatic validity is not a popular or relevant measure, so it is wise to consider the results of test of significance. (WALTON LAYTON, 2012) References Carlberg, C. (2011).Statistical analysis. Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. Graham, A. (2011).Statistics. London: Hodder Education. Horton, N., Kleinman, K. (2011).Using R for data management, statistical analysis, and graphics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Kobayashi, H., Mark, B., Turin, W. (2012).Probability, random processes, and statistical analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kollo, T. (2013).Multivariate statistics. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Paiva, T., Andre,. (2012). Evaluating aesthetics of the nasolabial region in children with cleft lip and palate: professional analysis and patient satisfaction.PPA, 781. doi:10.2147/ppa.s36656 RE, G. (2015).What does it mean to be pragmatic? Pragmatic methods, measures, and models to facilitate research translation. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 May 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23709579 Schoenfelder, T., Klewer, J., Kugler, J. (2011). Analysis of factors associated with patient satisfaction in ophthalmology: the influence of demographic data, visit characteristics and perceptions of received care.Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics,31(6), 580-587. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00869.x Spiegel, M., Stephens, L. (2011).Statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sprinthall, R. (2012).Basic statistical analysis. Boston: Pearson Allyn Bacon. WALTON, T., LAYTON, D. (2012). Cost satisfaction analysis: a novel patient-based approach for economic analysis of the utility of fixed prosthodontics.Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation,39(9), 692-703. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02314.x wiseGEEK,. (2015).What Is Statistical Significance? (with picture). Retrieved 14 May 2015, from https://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-statistical-significance.htm